- Abuse and/or neglect
- Physical loss of a parent due to
- adoption (even on day 1)
- death
- Multiple caretakers
- no opportunity to attach or attachment is disrupted
- orphange
- foster care
- Emotional absence or unavailability of a parent due to
- post-partum or chronic depression
- chronic pain
- intergenerational RAD
- Temporary separation due to hospitalization
- pre-mature infants
- medical problem of parent in first two years of child's life
- Invasive or painful medical procedures
- Chronic, unrelieved pain in child
- colic
- undiagnosed medical problem
- Mother's poor prenatal care or prenatal alcohol or drug exposure
- Mother's feelings of rejection for fetus
- Neurological problems
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